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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When a neuron sends a message to another neuron, it makes use of neurotransmitters, chemicals. They must travel through a tiny gap known as the synapse. Certain ADHD medications can make the passing along of these messages more efficient. They may assist neurons in the release of more neurotransmitters, or slow down the process of reuptake (called reuptake inhibitors). Doctors start people with ADHD on a low dose of medication and then observe their responses. They adjust the dosage gradually to find the “sweet spot,” the lowest dose that shows a noticeable improvement in symptoms and has few side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the primary type of medication doctors often try to help kids with ADHD. It helps by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine that is present in kids' brains, which helps them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. It's important to remember that the methylphenidate drug is a controlled substance and should only be used under the supervision of a doctor. Ritalin is the most commonly used methylphenidate drug. It is available in tablets that release immediately (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER) chewable tablets that are long-acting (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Some versions of this medication contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, which may be hazardous for those suffering from phenylketonuria (an inherited condition that causes severe intellectual disabilities). Inform your doctor if or your child suffer from food allergies. Researchers have discovered that methylphenidate can reduce aberrant activity, specifically in the accumbens' nucleus and also a network of brain networks involved in the process of adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate has been proven to be one of the most effective medications for treating ADHD. Stimulants can cause side effects which include a the loss of appetite, sleepiness, stomach upset, headache, anxiety or disturbances and the tics. These are rare but can be serious. If you notice them, you should call your doctor right away. Inform your doctor of any heart disease, allergies depression, bipolar disorder or other mental health issues such as glaucoma, seizures or glaucoma. Also, inform them that you or your child have a history. It is important to take your methylphenidate as prescribed by your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines boost the speed of communication between brain cells. They can help you focus your thoughts and stay clear of distractions. These are the most commonly prescribed medications to treat ADHD in both children and adults. They increase the amount of neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. Amphetamines come in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting forms. They can be taken either orally or by injection. Some people have a tough dealing with the adverse effects of stimulant medication including insomnia, restlessness, or increased heart rate and blood pressure. Your doctor will monitor the symptoms and adjust the dosage to find the best one for you. Some people will require multiple prescriptions to achieve the desired result. Drugs that stimulate the brain affect two key neurotransmitters that are located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the part of the brain that regulates emotions and governs your behavior. These drugs are used to treat a range of mental health problems, including ADD/ADHD, depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. Amphetamines and methylphenidates are the most popular stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved dozens of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in various forms ranging from stimulants that are short-acting to long-acting stimulants – and can be taken orally or in a injection. Truck drivers, students and teenagers who require more energy to perform endurance sports can take amphetamines. They can also trigger physical and mental problems when used in excess, particularly with higher doses. Non-stimulant drugs are also effective in treating ADHD. These include atomoxetine and guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based using the same chemical as stimulants, but are less likely to make the tics worse, which is a problem for those suffering from Tourette's syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medicines are used for treating adolescents and children with ADHD. They can be taken through the mouth or applied on the skin. They are available in liquids and patches and pills that can either be swallowed or chewed. They are usually available only with a prescription from a doctor. They include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin (Concerta, Focalin (Daytrana), andamphetamines, (Adderall (Dexedrine, Vyvanse)). Short-acting stimulants work fast and last for 3 to 6 hours. These drugs ease symptoms for 70% to 80% of children and adults suffering from ADHD. They can reduce the need to fidget and interrupting, making it easier to complete tasks. They also help improve academic performance and relationships. They don't fix the underlying issues that are the cause of ADHD. It's important to combine them with behavioral therapy. It's important to know that ADHD medications can have negative side effects. I Am Psychiatry may feel drowsy, cranky, or sleepless. However, these effects are typically minimal and will disappear once the medication is gone from your body. Your doctor might ask you to take a small dose at first and then increase it gradually. They will be watching you or your child to determine if there are any problems with the medication. Finding the right medication for your child or yourself may take some time. It's best to be open with your health care providers and communicate clearly. They might suggest changes to the frequency you or your child take the medication or even if it's needed at all. They will also want to know if you or your child have any other mental or medical conditions. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants manage ADHD symptoms by altering the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. This increases the levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine, two chemical compounds that are essential for the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive function part of your brain). Most kids who suffer from ADHD respond well to stimulant medication. Your doctor will collaborate with you to figure out what kind of medication and dosage is right for you. You may need to try various types of medications before you can find the one that is right for you or your children. It is possible to take stimulants with immediate release in liquid form and chewable tablets. These medications begin working quickly and last for three to four hours. Some people experience a problem when the medicine wears off, a phenomenon known as the “crash effect.” This typically results in an abrupt reduction in energy levels and can cause intense hunger. There are also stimulants that act long-lastingly like dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine. These are more complicated and require prescription. They are injected into the bloodstream, and they become active in red blood cell. It takes time to determine the right medication, dosage, and schedule for you or your child. Your doctor will monitor your reaction to the medication, and look for any issues such as trouble sleeping. If you or your child are not responding well to stimulants, your doctor will also discuss non-stimulant medication. It is not advisable to alter or stop taking your ADHD medication without speaking to your doctor first. Tell your doctor if you use any prescription medications or supplements, as they could interact with ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% adults and children with ADHD stimulant medication is effective in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behaviour, fidgeting and impulsivity. They can also increase focus and help people finish their tasks and maintain relationships. They may not reduce moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. They can also trigger adverse effects like loss of appetite, insomnia and anxiety. They can also cause stomachaches, heart rhythm changes, and high blood pressure. The medicines work in stages aiding in the treatment of ADHD symptoms throughout the day. The majority begin to work within 30 to 45 minutes, and fade within 3 to 6 hours. They can be used on their own or with other types of ADHD treatment, such as behavioral therapy. Some of these long-acting stimulants such as Atomoxetine (Strattera) and Guanfacine-ER (Intuniv) will last throughout the night and into the next morning. Some doctors recommend taking these in the afternoon to prevent patients from requiring additional medication at school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants do not increase dopamine levels in the same way as short- or intermediate-acting drugs. However, they do so significantly. As a result, they don't trigger the same type of rebound effects that occur with shorter-acting drugs. Due to the potential for adverse effects Because of the potential for side effects, long-acting stimulants are generally prescribed as a second-line treatment for older teens suffering from ADHD. However, they can also be utilized as a first-line treatment to some people with ADHD who haven't responded to other medications. While medication can improve concentration and self-control, it's not the whole answer for those with ADHD. In conjunction with a healthy sleeping routine, healthy eating, and other strategies for self-help it's usually possible to reduce or eliminate the need for ADHD medication.